We have more sharks, more biomass of snappers, more biomass of herbivores, too,

larger biomass inside the reserves.

Now what we see is huge biomass towards the poles and not much biomass in between.

This is what we call the biomass pyramid.

But you can imagine the biomass that represents.

And the biomass this is the most spectacular change 4.5 times greater biomass on average, just after five to seven years.

And then we have a lower biomass of carnivores, and a lower biomass of top head, or the sharks, the large snappers, the large groupers.

Some people have estimated that the biomass tied up in these microbes

The plant biomass, the phytoplankton, the zooplankton, it's what feeds the fish.

What we did was we found what were the locally available sources of biomass.

Most of the biomass in the ocean is made out of creatures like this.

Most people don't realize it, because they're invisible, but microbes make up about a half of the Earth's biomass, whereas all animals only make up about one one thousandth of all the biomass.

They reproduce very slowly they have a slow metabolism and, basically, they just maintain their biomass.

The top head does account for most of the biomass, in some places up to 85 percent,

And if we think about the increase of biomass inside the reserves, this is like compound interest.

First of all, your pyramid, your inverted pyramid, showing 85 percent biomass in the predators, that seems impossible.

But that doesn't help because there were very few species and volume of biomass there in the first place.

land use change, rate of biodiversity loss, freshwater use, functions which regulate biomass on the planet, carbon sequestration, diversity.

Most of the biomass is low on the food chain, the herbivores, the parrotfish, the surgeonfish that eat the algae.

So, basically, the production surplus of these guys down there is enough to maintain this biomass that is not moving.

It's basically a measure of how many tigers, toads, ticks or whatever on average of biomass of various species are around.

Then you go to Palmyra Atoll that has more biomass of herbivores, and the dead corals are clean, and the corals are coming back.

A project that we've been working on very recently is to design a new biomass power station so a power station that uses organic waste material.

living in the pours and the cracks of the sea floor and below rival the total amount of living biomass at the surface of the planet.

And all the components are there which are now in common parlance, in our vocabulary, you know, 30 odd years later wind energy, recycling, biomass, solar cells.

We were taking their biomass, storing them in the basement, growing plants, going around, around, around, trying to take all of that carbon out of the atmosphere.

A combination of biomass, aquifers, burning vegetable oil a process that, quite interestingly, was developed in Eastern Germany, at the time of its dependence on the Soviet Bloc.

That means that in terms of biomass, insects are more abundant than we are, and we're not on a planet of men, but we're on a planet of insects.

And more than in Haiti, this produces really smoky fires, and this is where you see the health impacts of cooking with cow dung and biomass as a fuel.

If you were to suck all the water out of the ocean, this is what you'd be left behind with, and that's the biomass of life on the sea floor.

It actually takes things we would consider waste things like seed husks or woody biomass and can transform them into a chitinous polymer, which you can form into almost any shape.

Biomass to get 16 lightbulbs per person, you'd need a land area something like three and a half Wales' worth, either in our country, or in someone else's country, possibly Ireland, possibly somewhere else.

So the column actually had another very nice feature, and that is the algae settle in the column, and this allowed us to accumulate the algal biomass in a context where we could easily harvest it.

And just watch the change in colors in India, China, Europe, sub Saharan Africa as we move on and consume global biomass at a rate which is actually not going to be able to sustain us.

We know it's a lot, but we do not yet know the answers to how much, and by what processes, carbon is being taken out of the atmosphere, held in its biomass, and moving on through the ecosystem.

So at that point, if we can go back to the other computer, we were starting to think about how you integrate the rest of the biomass of the planet into the Internet, and we went to the best possible person

Obviously the wind tunnel had a place, but the ability now with the computer to explore, to plan, to see how that would work in terms of the forces of nature natural ventilation, to be able to model the chamber below, and to look at biomass.