The idea is embryonic.

Embryonic charter, livestock and wildlife repopulation.

Embryonic and fetal development I'm Not Surprised

You all know about embryonic stem cells.

So, embryonic stem cells are really incredible cells.

So each of these is an embryonic stem cell.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

They're a lot like embryonic stem cells except without the controversy.

So each of these right here are embryonic stem cells, and

We've made a few hits, a few, I think, embryonic discoveries.

The answer is that much of it happens during our embryonic development.

So we don't actually know what the lethality was of the 1918 strain to wild birds before it jumped from birds to humans.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

They all came from one unique embryonic stem cell or what initially was a blastomere.

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

So they're skin cells that can be tricked, kind of like cellular amnesia, into an embryonic state.

Geron, just last year, started the first trial using human embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries.

So the debate obviously is when you start an embryonic stem cell line, you are destroying an embryo.

There isn't necessarily this differentiation between these outermost cells and these embryonic, or this embryoblast, or this inner cell mass here.

And obviously, the next question is, hey, well, why don't they just call them stem cells as opposed to embryonic stem cells?

As we speak, the world's first human embryonic stem cell trial for spinal cord injury is currently underway following the USFDA approval.

If someone needs a kidney transplant or a heart transplant, maybe in the future, we could take a colony of these embryonic stem cells.

And at that time, stem cell research had gained momentum, following the isolation of the world's first human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s.

These cells right here are called embryonic stem cells, and probably the first time in this video you're hearing a term that you might recognize.

So when I talk what embryonic stem cells, I'm talking about the individual blastomeres inside of this embryoblast or inside of this inner cell mass.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

So obviously, there's a huge amount of debate, but now, now you know in this video what people are talking about when they say embryonic stem cells.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

But the moral controversy surrounding embryonic stem cells the fact that these cells are derived from five day old human embryos has encouraged research into other types of stem cells.

This was really an extraordinary advance, because although these cells are not human embryonic stem cells, which still remain the gold standard, they are terrific to use for modeling disease and potentially for drug discovery.

The whole process of differentiation is actually fascinating, and we'll talk a lot more about that when we talk about stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and maybe we'll even talk about the debate of it.

We can now reprogram your skin cells to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell and to utilize those potentially to treat multiple organs in that same patient making your own personalized stem cell lines.

Interestingly, when you were first conceived, and you were just comprised of a few, undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, which had the potential to become any cell in your body, your chromatin didn't have many Epigenetic marks on it.

Look, I've got a fantastic idea for an embryonic product in a marginal market, with consumers we've never dealt with before, and I'm not sure it's going to have a big payoff, but it could be really, really big in the future?

I'm going to completely strip it of all its complicating features, and I'm going to turn that object, that simplified object, into a scientific probe, and provide the early stages, embryonic stages of new insights into what happens in two brains while they simultaneously interact.

And here is the limitation adult stem cells are mature cells, and, like mature human beings, these cells are more restricted in their thought and more restricted in their behavior and are unable to give rise to the wide variety of specialized cell types, as embryonic stem cells can .

But right now, this isn't an area of debate because, left to their own devices, a somatic stem cell or an adult stem cell won't turn into a human being, while an embryonic one, if it is implanted in a willing mother, then, of course, it will turn into a human being.

In 1998, human embryonic stem cells were first identified, and just nine years later, a group of scientists in Japan were able to take skin cells and reprogram them with very powerful viruses to create a kind of pluripotent stem cell called an induced pluripotent stem cell, or what we refer to as an IPS cell.

So you have this notion of when you to get an embryonic stem cell line, and when I say a stem cell line, I mean you take a couple of stem cells, or let's say you take one stem cell, and then you put it in a Petri dish, and then you allow it to just duplicate.

So at least my take on it is if you're against and I generally don't want to take a side on this, but if you are against research that involves embryonic stem cells because of the destruction of embryos, on that same, I guess, philosophical ground, you should also be against in vitro fertilization because both of these involve the destruction of zygotes.

There's an area of research where people are actually maybe trying to make them more plastic, and if they are able to take these somatic stem cells and make them more plastic, it might maybe kill the need to have these embryonic stem cells, although maybe if they do this too good, maybe these will have the potential to turn into human beings as well, so that could become a debatable issue.

I think well, I won't talk more about this, because I really don't want to take sides, but I want to show that there is kind of an equivalence here that's completely lost in this debate on whether embryonic stem cells should be used because they have a destruction of embryos, because you're destroying just as many embryos in this well, I won't say just as many, but you are destroying embryos.