This is absolutely beautiful stuff.

It went up and down, and it really started to accelerate around 70,000 years ago.

We used to do it just with ice cores, but in this case, we're going back 20 million years.

And one hell of a big pile of dollars.

And again, it's this incredibly exciting animal.

It's an incredible story.

That they are Piles of stars stripped away by tidal interactions of galaxies in the cluster.

I'll end up with saying one thing.

So we know there's an ice shelf overhead.

Well, an excavation was begun immediately, and more and more little bits of skull started to be extracted from the sediment.

And they said scaling, which is the build up of minerals inside of pipes.

An empty formality a piece of parchment.

You know, we saw this in the core samples as they came up.

But gradually, as the buildings are repaired, we will see the accretion of a limestone reef beneath the city.

Now, in this slide the white is chalk, and this chalk was deposited in a warm ocean.

And the black rock is the sediment on the sea bottom in the absence of plankton.

There's two degrees, or three degrees of climate change baked into the system.

So this also turns out to be extremely robust.

But the new wave of paleontologists my graduate students collect biomarkers.

There isn't enough water.

We have many initiatives that we're working on, but some of them are very basic.

And it was deposited by the great mother Earth, some three million years ago.

And all that gets into surface waters, eventually reaching the ocean, the final sink.

But if you break a gourd, you cannot simply throw it away, because every stroke of that stick that has built up that calcium, the measure of a man's life, has a thought behind it.

And these tin particles were deposited on the tape heads and were crashing the tape heads.

So we are tracking how do these things get from the products into the ocean, which is the final sink for them.

And these plants need sunlight, so we know when we find that sediment there's no ice overhead.

And so where there is water, there is a very high chance of our kind of life.

I love bridges, metaphorically and symbolically and structurally and it was a bit of a disappointment, because of the sludge from the river was encrusted on it it really wasn't in use.

And there's this relentless persistence of birth and death and an unending collection of stories in between.

And 90 percent of our catch were sponges, other animals that are fixed on the bottom.

We have now a reasonably good understanding of the evolution of active galaxy population as a function of time.

Some of the scientists believe that the way the Solar System formed, that the Sun when it collapsed and actually created the Sun, a lot of the dust around it created rings and then the particles in those rings accumulated together, and they formed bigger rocks, and then that's how the planets, you know, were formed.

The determinant of this is ad minus bc, by definition.

Based on the approximate volume of coltan in this shipment.

They take the sediment itself, they extract the oil from it, and from that they can produce compounds which turn out to be very specific to particular microbial groups.

These curves for global temperature, atmospheric CO2 and sea level were derived from ocean cores and Antarctic ice cores, from ocean sediments and snowflakes that piled up year after year over 800,000 years forming a two mile thick ice sheet.

And they said, you know what happens is, mineral just like at your house mineral builds up.

An informed guess, based on what

The small ones will collapse first, if you recall the discussion of the free fall time.

And we saw about 35 alternations between open water and ice covered water, between gravels and these plant sediments.

We go out for months at a time and drill into the sea bed to recover sediments that tell us stories of climate change, right.

When that was soiled, they were paid again to collect it.

A ride of about an hour more brought the party to a neat farmhouse, where the weary travellers were received to an abundant breakfast.

I'm focusing so much not to make careless mistakes.