C 6 H 12 O 6.

The fluid wicks its way into those chambers at the top.

Plants use cellulose to keep themselves strong.

In this situation there is nothing to bind to these receptors, so the glucose channels won't be opened up and the glucose won't be able to enter into the cell

Turns out, if you break some bonds, amylose is made up of smaller molecules of glucose, a simple sugar.

It's key in our ability to process glucose in our body.

So this right here is insulin.

If it's muscle cell it needs energy to contract they need energy just to do the basic function of a cell and the place where they get that energy from or the primary source of that energy is from glucose, and glucose is a simple sugar. if you actually tasted glucose, it would taste sweet.

Even plants have mitochondria in their cells to break down the glucose they make into ATP.

The glucose won't enter by itself, it needs the assistance of a hormone or a molecule called insulin.

And just to be able to relate this to the DNA, this right here is insulin.

It is the currency that all cells of life use while glucose is, well, kind of like ice cream.

In this situation, the receptors have difficulty binding to the insulin. and glucose does not enter the cell.

The only problem here, and it's a big one, is that there is no insulin in the bloodstream. So, over here we can inject insulin.

We have an estimated ten to one hundred trillion cells so this is just a simple diagram to get the point across.

Then, the mitochondria in our cells, powered by the oxygen we breath, can turn glucose into pure energy molecules called ATP.

So in an ideal situation when the cell needs energy , glucose will enter the cell. unfortunately it's not that simple for the great majority of cell in human body.

Right now, they are under the skin, but in the future, they won't have to be implanted.

And then as we go further, today we have continuous glucose sensors.

The last thing I want to cover is what would happen if you didn't treat the diabetes.

As we age our proteins and other structural molecules develop damaging crossing to one another through a process called Glycation.

This situation is Type I Diabetes where you have glucose, so there you have energy and you have properly functioning insulin receptors, you just don't have insulin to unlock the gates for the glucose to actually go into the cell the other scenario that you could imagine happening is...let me draw the cell again and the blood stream and obviously that is one of trillions of cells in the human body.

The plant makes things like starch, which we eat and then break back down into glucose, the first form the plant made.

Plants, which are kind of like biological chefs, take that sunlight, and then suck in some CO2 from the air, mix them together, and BAM!

With Type 2 diabetes, there are multiple lines of attack.

If you ask yourself, what's a cell trying to protect itself from when it becomes insulin resistant, the answer probably isn't too much food.

But if I say, See a region of the brain, taking all the oxygen and glucose from all these other regions, and your prefrontal cortex suddenly has very little resources to do much, you can see that, right?

Remember, just because the cells are desensitized, it doesn't mean they won't bind with insulin, it just means it will take MORE insulin to uptake the same amount of glucose.

So, if you add enough insulin, there may be enough to bind with the insulin receptors and cause some glucose absorption.

So this right here, I'm drawing some blood that's passing by a cell, maybe the blood is going in that direction over there and inside blood let me draw some small glucose molecules passing by.

let me draw my simple version of a cell, and let me draw the blood stream going by... right over here and draw the glucose in the blood stream, floating by, and then I have my insulin receptors on the surface of the cell.