That's about all it can do.

Pessimism is a luxury of good times ...

I am by turns an optimist and a pessimist.

What then, will the future look like?

That sound familiar?

That is not right!

I'd like to know...

We'll be talking about it in Unit 6,

If we could do that, would we want to take people's optimism bias away?

It was a few weeks later, and I had just finished looking at the comic section of the Sunday Star.

Emma Goldman I think I'm Emma Goldman

Well, we've seen that that can't be true.

But we have this persistent confusion between objectivity and subjectivity as features of reality and objectivity and subjectivity as features of claims.

The group of senators doesn't share your optimism.

As Norwegian social scientist Evelin Lindner has observed,

Average likelihood is 30 percent, the left inferior frontal gyrus would respond fiercely.

Marcus, sire.

It's not violence and war, it's not race, it's not gender, it's not Marxism, it's not Nazism.

And that anticipation enhances their wellbeing.

And will it happen?

Well, I'm not an optimist, neither am I a pessimist.

And here's the thing it wasn't doing a very good job.

Well, to end on a very positive note,

That's the way the matter is usually viewed in commentary and also in the profession and professional international relations theory.

And in this time period, the US is starting to think in terms of Cold War and in terms of how do we stop Communism, and how do we contain it, this whole theory of Containment, that the best way to stop the Soviet Union is just to make sure that Communism cannot spread that it gets contained, that we have the Domino theory in the US, that if one country falls to Communism in a region, that the rest of the countries will eventually fall and that is not good for Containment.

Optimism leads to success in academia and sports and politics.

He was, almost, up to, Kobe

So they tend to expect the future to be worse than it ends up being.

I forgot the name.

His name was Marx.

Now, as many of you may remember, the Red Brigades was a terrorist, Marxist organization which was very active in Italy from the 1960s until the mid 1980s.

If we expect the future to be bright, stress and anxiety are reduced.

We need to make sure that we're a little bit suspicious, that we understand that optimism is in the DNA of the military, that we don't respond to it with quite as much alacrity.

Pessimism believes in no improvement.

That way, it makes a better story if he stays alive, even from your point of view.

All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation in a language she didn't even understand.

These have to be identified by scientific investigation.

But individuals with severe depression, they have a pessimistic bias.

But, we can escape from this trap, these pincers, I think.

Communism, capitalism...

And it's a global phenomenon.

So what we would really like to do, is we would like to protect ourselves from the dangers of optimism, but at the same time remain hopeful, benefiting from the many fruits of optimism.

But people's expectations for their future went up significantly.

The modern versions of Communism are really kind of the brainchild of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.

Redefine Point