And, you know, it happens for several reasons.

However, it's hard sometimes to remember the extent of that urbanization.

likely links back to the Old English word fist, which meant stink.

And it enters now another story.

The tallest bar is the average temperature for the most number of growing seasons.

Actually we can date it back to the 16th century approximately.

That's another killer app.

Okay, so let's talk about this, this example in some detail.

It's a movie, mid20th century.

But we know how to fix this.

And an amazing fact for techno optimists is that in the first half of the 20th century, the rate of improvement of life expectancy was three times faster than it was in the second half of the 19th century.

It is where the Leaning Tower of Piza is

I mean, Adam Smith, already writing in the late 18th century, said,

Electricity was also very helpful in liberating women.

So it was a necessity.

There's no other way to do this.

(Music)

The first prohibition of slavery was in the mid nineteenth century.

It took us half a century to adopt the telephone, the first virtual reality technology.

That's when...the Moghuls were ruling, Babar was in India

I mean fossils, cave paintings and so forth.

But it has a certain (Laughter)

It's not the Middle Ages anymore, it's the 21st century.

We went off a cliff but we recovered.

I've spent a quarter of a century on this planet!

If you think about it, Shakerism was a proto environmental movement.

like a pianist playing a Beethoven sonata.

They had no scientific reason to believe one way or the other but it was an interesting speculation.

And I believe that the Islamic modernism which began in the 19th century, but which had a setback in the 20th century because of the political troubles of the Muslim world, is having a rebirth.

And the first people who saw that were the telegraphers of the mid 19th century, who were the original hackers.

Long term I want them to put me in the Pentagon for the next 25 years.

We are living in the latter half of the twentieth century.

Many people argue that the 21st century is going to repeat the 20th century, in which World War One, the great conflagration in which the European state system tore itself apart and destroyed its centrality in the world, that that was caused by the rise in the power of Germany and the fear it created in Britain.

And hand in hand with obesity of course comes diabetes, and the stats on this are frightening.

Now my parting shot comes courtesy of the great Joseph Haydn, wonderful Austrian composer in the second half of the 18th century spent the bulk of his life in the employ of Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, along with his orchestra.

It's called Kaleidoscope.

This debt was not paid off with the interest until 1947.

Take the American railroad system, for example.

A new century. The twentieth century.

How ironic, then, that the morality plays actually encouraged vices as more popular than virtues.

The Industrial Revolution started in the Renaissance with the rise of humanism, then got a little jump start along about the French Revolution.

But with more people and greater prosperity around the world, that number's going to grow to between two and four billion cars by mid century.

And the way we react to them has changed radically over the centuries, as have our preferences for them.

It's because of his words.

And that continues into the future with the renewables that we're developing today, reaching maybe 30 percent of primary energy by mid century.