celermitosis.

But what does a cell do?

Wait a minute. How do you interrupt the cellular mitosis?

It has not experienced cytokinesis, which we will talk about in a few moments, but that's the process of the actual cytoplasm of the cell being split into two different cells.

This is in the S phase of interphase.

And that one cell reproduced itself, dividing, dividing and dividing until there were 10 trillion of them.

So, in the end, it is all about growth.

By the end of telophase in mitosis, you also have this process of cytokinesis, where this cleavage furrow forms and deepens, deepens, deepens until the cytoplasm is actually split into two separate cells.

And formally, mitosis is really the process of the duplication of the nucleus, but it normally ends up with two entire cells.

We all start life as one single cell.

Mitosis occurs in pretty much all of our somatic cells as our skin cells replicate, and our hair cells and all the tissue in our body as it duplicates itself, it goes through mitosis.

Now, at the same time telophase is happening, you also normally have this cytokinesis, where this cleavage furrow forms, where essentially during telophase, these things are getting pushed further and further apart by those microtubules so that they're already at the ends of the cell, of the cytoplasm of the cell, and you can almost view them as pushing on the sides to elongate the cell.

Let's look at a healthy liver cell, a healthy hair cell, and a cancerous cell.

But, enough mutations can bypass the fail safes, driving the cell to divide recklessly.

So it just starts splitting into two more cells that are and actually, let me do it this way, just because the actual way it works is right when a cell is split, the cells that it splits into aren't that much larger than the original one.

And so if this germ cell undergoes meiosis, and I'll do a whole video on the mechanics of it, instead of two cells, it'll actually produce four cells that each have half the number of chromosomes in them, so these cells are haploid.

So at the same time that in telophase II these get pulled part, you have the cytokinesis.

It's a germ cell.

It divides frequently and isn't a threat.

Cell division

And they will either enter into this so called cellular suicide, programmed cell death, or they will form unhealthy daughter cells and enter into apoptosis once they have divided.

But see how much of the protein is still throughout the nucleus, even in the dividing cell.

So eventually well, let me just do it this way.

In a female, they would be involved in the ovaries.

And mitosis literally is just a cell splitting to form copies of itself.

The healthy liver cell divides only when it's stressed.

A genetic clock, if you will. Each time a cell divides they grow shorter.

Nature's main process of creation, morphogenesis, is the splitting of one cell into two cells.

When you take a chemotherapeutic drug, it will hit all of these cells.

The healthy liver cell divides only when it is stressed the healthy hair cell divides frequently and the cancer cell divides even more frequently and recklessly.

That's normally accompanied by cytokinesis where the cytoplasms of the cells actually separate.

And to some degree, in the early part of telophase, they're still pushing the cell apart, and at the same time, you have cytokinesis happening.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

They go through this very striking motion that is focused on these little red spots.

So by the end of telophase I, you have the actual cytoplasm splitting during telophase right there, and the nuclear envelope is forming.

So let me draw a germ cell.

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

The first clip shows a normal cell division without the Tumor Treating Fields.

We'll do a whole series of videos on the actual mechanics of that, but it splits by a mechanism called mitosis.

I've already done a video on mitosis, and in this one, we'll go into the details of meiosis.

And in the first round of meiosis, this diploid cell essentially splits into two haploid cells.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

We have a video on it where we go into the phases of it prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

Interestingly, when you were first conceived, and you were just comprised of a few, undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, which had the potential to become any cell in your body, your chromatin didn't have many Epigenetic marks on it.

Then that cell divides and we are two cells, then four, then eight.