You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

Around 1970, it was found that there were not only parts of the brain, but particular cells.

(Laughter) Audience member

The sea of blue that you see here are densely packed brain cells, but the green brain cells, the green brain cells are the ones that are holding on to a specific fear memory.

Gangway locked in, sir.

Mitosis occurs in pretty much all of our somatic cells as our skin cells replicate, and our hair cells and all the tissue in our body as it duplicates itself, it goes through mitosis.

So whenever a memory is being formed, any active cell for that particular memory will also have this light sensitive switch installed in it so that we can control these cells by the flipping of a laser just like this one you see.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

And as we go smaller again, about ten times smaller than that, is a cell.

He's also remembering the path he took out of the car park, which would be represented in the firing of grid cells.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

And if this continues the toe cell would die.

Բայց եթե ուզում ես հարցնես, ինչը ունի կորիզ

And that's your ancestor.

And the floor is solid, too, grooved.

SR

Սա ունի բջիջ պրոկարիորտ առանց կորիզի

It remembers that it's cancer.

But it differentiated.

That turns out to be a big deal because now you can take, not just mouse cells, but you can human skin cells and turn them into human stem cells.

And this cell is one of the thousands of kinds of cell that we are learning about.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

May do much danger. Friar John, go hence Get me an iron crow and bring it straight

So that's the nucleus.

And it's in men as well as in women.

So now we have two cells.

And I focused my research on stem cells as a possible source for cell transplants.

Բայց մենք ունենք ԴՆԹ

And then what they did in October is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells and began to turn them into liver cells.

These memory cells immediately deploy the exact weapons needed.

NATO, the Warsaw Pact.

So, that pathologist is just like looking at this plastic bottle.

Bacteria are just tiny cells, harmless.

But you get this, like, intuitive feel of

Այստեղ այլ բաներ կա, որ կարող ենք խոսել

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.