Some of you may remember that.

The heart is taking a quick breather to refill.

This restriction of blood supply that usually leads to some loss of function is called 'ischemia', another fancy word, that literally just means 'restricted blood supply'.

Most of this is in developing countries, and the majority is in Africa.

Blood flows through blood vessels.

It's gonna be going initially through a giant vessel.

And so specifically you might hear about a coronary artery, or a coronary vein, but together you can call them coronary blood vessels.

And the capsules in her blood stream.

Blood runs in the veins.

A health status of a nation parallels development of that nation.

And anytime I mention the word vein, I just want to make sure you think of blood going towards the heart.

You know, where did these things come from?

So when this guy is jogging, because he has restricted blood supply because the heart is experiencing ischemia downstream from this stenosis, that's why there's heart failure so not able to deliver

So these are the two direction the blood is going to be flowing.

We can do this because tumor blood vessels are unlike normal, healthy vessels we see in other places of the body they're abnormal, they're very poorly constructed, and because of that, they're highly vulnerable to treatments that target them.

Lets divide it out with a large line.

It goes around the ventricle and, as I showed you in the beginning, also around the atrium. It goes all the way up and covers both the left and right side.

Shut your mouth!

like red blood cells.

(Laughter)

Subdural hematoma.

So it's not pumping hard enough or well enough to provide adequate function for that person.

For example, insufficient angiogenesis not enough blood vessels

This is the human heart.

And this outer layer, this is the vasculature, which is incredible, around a human brain.

Thrombosis is the process of a thrombus forming.

End to end, that would form a line that would circle the earth twice.

I'll write it out again because I want to make sure we see clearly the difference between someone with compliant blood vessels and someone with non compliant vessels.

So, all these guys over here, these are the true capillaries.

So it would be destructing the blood flow downstream right over there.

So let's zoom in on one of them....Maybe we can zoom in right over here, that part of the artery.

All the sudden you could have these clotting factors form a clot right over here right at the actual plaque.

But there was something left.

Then you start to take a look at adult life.

Can't seem to find a vein.

Oh,clip that bleeder,Mr. Palmer.

Retract the duct a little more laterally.

And this is an X ray showing you the patent, functional blood vessel.

The walls are covered with villi where nutrient absorption takes place.

And the bottom curve is the weight of a normal mouse.

Because some of that pressure energy got taken away and stored as elastic energy.

And the Arotic valve is going to be what divides the left ventricle from this giant vessel that we talked about earlier.

she collapsed, suffering severe abdominal pain.

Remember, open mind?

So we thought the patient might actually want to know the context as well.