Հիմնականում ինչի մասին խոսում ենք, ամենաքիչը մեր վիդեոներում վերաբերում են էուկարիոտներին

I believe matter begets life

We're taking off.

Over 40 years ago, I was cloning stem cells and one of the first experiments just so blew my mind

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

Let me do it in green.

And we found only 173 genes common to all 13 organisms.

Really? It's a singlecelled parasite that lives in the intestines of animals.

Because women bring new life into the world.

'In what way have we been using the influence of society, which is probably the most powerful force in human psychology?' 1967 Influence of Biological Environments A Stem Cell Experiment

Այսպիսով նրանք անվանեցին որոշներին, ովքեր ունեն կորզիներ, էուկարիոտներ

And we know staph can do amazing things.

Then from about 600 to 800 million years ago, multi celled organisms appear.

It's also simpler when you go into eukaryotes like ourselves you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning.

It's literally when the cell is just living.

Think of DNA, cells, galaxies, fruits,

And it's a beautifully complex neuron.

I work with really amazing,

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

Or we can use both.

And these germ cells, they're the product of mitosis.

Այստեղ այլ բաներ կա, որ կարող ենք խոսել

In time, they could no longer function independently, they behaved entirely for the whole.

But, when cells join together, with more than one cell like itself to perform a similar function, it's no longer a unicellular organism.

And the reason is that cancer, like every cell in the body, places little molecular bookmarks,

One can say, OK, what are we made of?

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

We're here today to announce the first synthetic cell, a cell made by starting with the digital code in the computer, building the chromosome from four bottles of chemicals, assembling that chromosome in yeast, transplanting it into a recipient bacterial cell and transforming that cell into a new bacterial species.

Our bodies are comprised of 10 times more microbial cells than our own human eukaryotic cells.

Ահա, թե ինչ է անում լիզոսոմը

And at that stage, we have multi cellular communities, communities of lots of different types of cells, working together as a single organism.

And what you see here is these cells glowing in the dark under certain wavelengths of light.

let you know that somebody's probably working there at any given moment, in a very real sense, there are biological sensors within a cell that are turned on only when that cell was just working.

It's obviously got its full chromosomal complement still.

Everything about your life, about your body, grows!

And this cell is one of the thousands of kinds of cell that we are learning about.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

So when we would look at cells, this is how I really got involved in biology and science is by looking at living cells in the microscope.

So all cells spend most of their time in interphase.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

We didn't have disease modeling with human cells, so we'd been testing them on cells of mice or other creatures or cells that we engineer, but they don't have the characteristics of the diseases that we're actually trying to cure.

I'll nicely demonstrate that for you. (Laughter)

The traits that will be passed on or the changes that will be passed on are those that occur in the germ cells.