Սա ունի բջիջ պրոկարիորտ առանց կորիզի

Հիմնականում ինչի մասին խոսում ենք, ամենաքիչը մեր վիդեոներում վերաբերում են էուկարիոտներին

It's also simpler when you go into eukaryotes like ourselves you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning.

And formally, mitosis is really the process of the duplication of the nucleus, but it normally ends up with two entire cells.

Այսպիսով նրանք անվանեցին որոշներին, ովքեր ունեն կորզիներ, էուկարիոտներ

So if they have RNA, this RNA can immediately start being used to essentially let's say this is the nucleus of the cell.

Ոչ բոլոր կենդանի օրգանիզմներում, բայց մենք ավելի շատ կենտրոնանալու ենք էուկարիոտներին, և մի փոքր խոսելու են էուկարիոտ և պրոկարիոտ բջիջների տարբերությունը

And the answer is no.

For example, here is a lovely yellow droplet of milk on the left, there is nothing on the right.

So diploid just means it has its full complement of chromosomes, so it has 2N chromosomes.

Բայց եթե ուզում ես հարցնես, ինչը ունի կորիզ

Mitosis occurs in pretty much all of our somatic cells as our skin cells replicate, and our hair cells and all the tissue in our body as it duplicates itself, it goes through mitosis.

So, for example, if I were to draw this let me draw the cell and it has now two nucleuses, each with the diploid number of chromosomes, this cell has experienced mitosis.

I don't want to go there.

If you look at it inside of a nucleus so let's say that's the nucleus.

Այստեղ նաև կան փոքրիկ սպիտակուցներ

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

And all of this is occurring inside the nucleus of your cells.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

As cell division begins the nucleus disintegrates, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and those special proteins undergo a three dimensional sequence whereby they attach and they literally click into place end on end to form chains.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

Եվ ես ասացի, որ սա հիմնականում բաժանումն է, քանի որ երբ որոշ մարդիկ նայում են որոշ բջիջներին և տեսնում են կորիզ և մեկ այլ բջիջներ ու չեն տեսնում կորիզը, նրանք ասում են, թե սա լավ միջոց է դասակարգելու օրգանիզմները

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

They're categories of things, of course, but there's only seven of them.

Այս ամենի մասին կխոսենք հետագա վիդեոներում

We're pulling out, we're zooming out, out through a nuclear pore, which is the gateway to this compartment that holds all the DNA, called the nucleus.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

So I'll draw the cell in green.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.

From Conception to Birth Oocyte

Fuel cells.

What we did is something called somatic cell nuclear transplantation.

And now we know that there are hundreds of other sorts of cells, which can be very, very specific.

And we'll do a whole series of videos in the future about the structure of our cells, but I think most of us know that our cells and I'll talk more about eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms in the future, but most complex organisms, they have a cell nucleus where we have all of our chromosomes that contain all of our DNA.

In these cells, the mission is to move blood around their body.

And that's your ancestor.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

In a female, they would be involved in the ovaries.

So by the end of telophase I, you have the actual cytoplasm splitting during telophase right there, and the nuclear envelope is forming.

Under those conditions, the FOXO protein in blue has gone into the nucleus that little compartment there in the middle of the cell and it's sitting down on a gene binding to it.