So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

And these germ cells, they're the product of mitosis.

The traits that will be passed on or the changes that will be passed on are those that occur in the germ cells.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

In a female, they would be involved in the ovaries.

It's not just any cell in the body.

And the germ cells exist as part of your reproductive organs.

So let's say those are the germ cells.

So it could go into a germ cell.

It's a germ cell.

Natural selection is survival of the fittest.

And so if this germ cell undergoes meiosis, and I'll do a whole video on the mechanics of it, instead of two cells, it'll actually produce four cells that each have half the number of chromosomes in them, so these cells are haploid.

So a germ cell is the product of mitosis, so it still has 2N number of chromosomes, so it still is a diploid cell or has a diploid number.

Now, when I got both of these in my body or in my cells, and this is in every cell of my body, every cell of my body except for, and we'll talk in a few seconds about my germ cells, but every cells other than the ones that I use for reproduction have this complete set of chromosomes in it, which I find amazing.

So let me draw a germ cell.

I believe matter begets life

Even to this day, it is thought by physicians and most scientists around the world, that the function of the Y chromosome is restricted to the cells of the reproductive tract.

Or we can use both.

You see a CT scan where cancer is in the liver.

Cancer occurs when a single cell in your body acquires a set of random mutations in important genes that cause that cell to start to produce more and more and more copies of itself.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

We're here today to announce the first synthetic cell, a cell made by starting with the digital code in the computer, building the chromosome from four bottles of chemicals, assembling that chromosome in yeast, transplanting it into a recipient bacterial cell and transforming that cell into a new bacterial species.

Հիմնականում ինչի մասին խոսում ենք, ամենաքիչը մեր վիդեոներում վերաբերում են էուկարիոտներին

We're taking off.

It's obviously got its full chromosomal complement still.

Everything about your life, about your body, grows!

Over 40 years ago, I was cloning stem cells and one of the first experiments just so blew my mind

And so what we have here is a description of single cells replicating, metabolizing, burning through chemistries.

But once that's happens, we're ready in fact, we're ready for either mitosis or meiosis, but we're going to do meiosis now.

Oh, you have cell death in Alzheimer's which is causing the memory deficit, and then you have this compound purine derivatives that are promoting cell growth.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

So all cells spend most of their time in interphase.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

And meiosis is essentially what a germ cell undergoes to produce gametes.

It's also simpler when you go into eukaryotes like ourselves you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning.

I would say... perfect regeneration of the body's cells,

And we know staph can do amazing things.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

After HlV penetrates the body's mucosal barriers, it infects immune cells to replicate.

And we found only 173 genes common to all 13 organisms.

Really? It's a singlecelled parasite that lives in the intestines of animals.