That's the egg, and we all know how this story goes.

In the case of a male, these would be sperm cells.

Let me do that Y chromosome in a separate color.

So that's a gamete and this is a gamete.

It's not just any cell in the body.

Just as an aside, this unification, this fertilization that occurred from this sperm cell to this egg cell, so it essentially penetrates into this egg cell and it creates this zygote, which is a fertilized egg cell from my mother, and this contains all DNA from both my father and my mother.

And this is where the system gets really interesting.

So that very first cell that was essentially my mom's egg fertilized by a sperm cell from my father, that was a zygote, and as soon as it's successfully fertilized, it has 2N, or it has the diploid number of chromosomes in the case of humans, which I believe I am one of them.

Difference human Neanderthal is sperm and testis, smell and skin.

Well, the result has been very good.

And I'll draw the sperm much larger than it is normally relatively to the egg.

There could've been 200 to 300 million other sperms in that race.

Where we left off after the meiosis videos is that we had two gametes.

They produce these gametes.

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My father's sperm somehow met my mother's egg, and they fused.

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No need for birth control, Doc, are you sure about that?

John, John, I looked at your chart.

So this very first cell that was created from this fertilized egg, this is called a zygote.

Let me draw the sperm.

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In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.

We'll talk about how that happens when we talk about meiosis or mitosis, that when I generate my sperm cells, sperm cells essentially takes one instead of having 23 pairs of chromosomes in sperm, you only have 23 chromosomes.

For each homologous pair, I'm either going to contribute the one that I got from my mother or the one that I got from my father, right?

We had a sperm and an egg.

This one involves men.

The walls of the egg then become impervious to other sperm so that only one sperm can get in, but that's not the focus of this video.

This is kind of the nucleus of the egg, but let's say that this is the sperm, and it has a tail that helps it swim, and it has 23 chromosomes.

In the case of a female, these would be ova, sperm or ova, and these are the gametes.

And so it's a combination from my mother, so this is from my mother, and a sperm from my father.

I need to ask you to return with me to the beginning where each of us began.

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And if you can put more, I'll call them sterile, that the offspring will actually die at different stages, but I'll call them sterile for now.

But even this process of fertilization is an incredibly competitive process, because this sperm that happened to be the one that kind of won the race from my father to fertilize my mother's egg, it was actually the first of roughly 200 million other sperms.

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I had enough to do to look after my own children.

Psych... mental disorders.

They brought women into the lab I think it was five women and outfitted them with cervical caps containing artificial semen.

And in this scenario, I want to imagine that, in one case, the sperm is carrying a Y chromosome, meeting that X chromosome of the egg.

Let me tell you, some of you may have the experience.

But now with some of this vocabulary thrown out of the way, let's talk a little bit about zygotes and how do zygotes turn into people, and then how do those people essentially produce gametes, which then can fertilize other people's gametes to form more zygotes.

What the hell is this? I can't believe you put sperm in the Omelette Rice.

Meet the hermaphrodites.