You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

And part of that's because we're bathing the brain in the chemical.

And this cell is one of the thousands of kinds of cell that we are learning about.

And that's your ancestor.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

And then what they did in October is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells and began to turn them into liver cells.

If some cells suddenly decide to start reading other instructions, they can actually change from one type to another.

An orb with Rosy flesh and seeded womb.

I don't want to go there.

The gun that you see there sprays cells.

Semen est verbum Dei. Sator autem Christus.

So, you know, you aren't treated if it's not dangerous.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

Because if you can get the gene for green fluorescent protein and deliver it to a cell, that cell will glow green or any of the many variants now of green fluorescent protein, you get a cell to glow many different colors.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

And then when you shine light on the entire network, just that cell type will be activated.

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

We induce cells, okay, say, skin cells, by adding a few genes to them, culturing them, and then harvesting them.

And just as the Tasmanian devil cancer is contagious through the spread of living cancer cells, so is this dog cancer.

So he'll take, say, falcon skin cells, fibroblast, turn it into induced pluripotent stem cells.

The centrosomes have gone to opposite sides of the cell itself.

So this is my body cells.

Let's look at a healthy liver cell, a healthy hair cell, and a cancerous cell.

Ideally, we could go through the circuit and turn these different kinds of cell on and off and see whether we could figure out which ones contribute to certain functions and which ones go wrong in certain pathologies.

this process continues throughout our lives.

Let me do it in green.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

Սա ունի բջիջ պրոկարիորտ առանց կորիզի

That turns out to be a big deal because now you can take, not just mouse cells, but you can human skin cells and turn them into human stem cells.

less than half the size of a postage stamp.

It's literally when the cell is just living.

We then grow the cells outside the body, take the scaffold, coat the scaffold with the cells the patient's own cells, two different cell types.

If we were to zoom in on a salmon, which is a fatty fish, past the organs, past the tissues, into the cells, we would see that the stuff we call fat is actually made up of molecules called triglycerides, and they are not all alike.

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.

From Conception to Birth Oocyte

Fuel cells.

It's ordinarily a balanced system with cells that damage tissue and cells that try to repair tissue.

And at that stage, we have multi cellular communities, communities of lots of different types of cells, working together as a single organism.

It's also simpler when you go into eukaryotes like ourselves you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning.