Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

It's an automated robotic technology.

So we're attacking the wrong target.

like heart, liver, nerve and pancreas.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

And then what they did in October is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells and began to turn them into liver cells.

Let me write that down.

That turns out to be a big deal because now you can take, not just mouse cells, but you can human skin cells and turn them into human stem cells.

The whole process of differentiation is actually fascinating, and we'll talk a lot more about that when we talk about stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and maybe we'll even talk about the debate of it.

Many scientists can now grow many different types of cells.

So you have this notion of when you to get an embryonic stem cell line, and when I say a stem cell line, I mean you take a couple of stem cells, or let's say you take one stem cell, and then you put it in a Petri dish, and then you allow it to just duplicate.

These are actually cells that we obtained.

Then you will see roots digging deep, building a strong foundation

I'll nicely demonstrate that for you. (Laughter)

And we're working a lot with the stem cells that we published on two years ago, stem cells from the amniotic fluid, and the placenta, which have those properties.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

So why should you care? Bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells.

4.8 million suffer cardiac failure.

'In what way have we been using the influence of society, which is probably the most powerful force in human psychology?' 1967 Influence of Biological Environments A Stem Cell Experiment

They've got great potential but haven't yet entered clinical trials.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

leaving just the cartilage.

That's a way to do it.

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

This is an extremely new field.

It's a great source of stem cells.

Let me write this down in a vibrant color.

Then someone could take one of these and then put it in their own Petri dish.

Because women bring new life into the world.

I wanted to live.

And it was really interesting there were articles correlating if you have a bone fracture, and then bone cancer arises.

And obviously, the next question is, hey, well, why don't they just call them stem cells as opposed to embryonic stem cells?

And for those we still need stem cells.

What's that? A possible treatment using stem cells from a genetically compatible donor.

If we cannot use stem cells from your body then we'd like to use donor stem cells.

And this is really what I want to talk to you about today about cancer.

And we did this because we think that it's actually going to allow us to realize the potential, the promise, of all of the sequencing of the human genome, but it's going to allow us, in doing that, to actually do clinical trials in a dish with human cells, not animal cells, to generate drugs and treatments that are much more effective, much safer, much faster, and at a much lower cost.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

So, what can we do about it?

At first when I heard of cancer stem cells,

All done in the lab.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

And we got, again, about three to six times more stem cells than the standard approach done on the same patient.