Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Բայց ռիբոսոմները ուղղակի պտտվում են, եթե նրանք ազատ ռիբոսոմներ են, հետո այդ սպիտակուցները, որոնք արտադրվեցին ռիբոսոմի վրա, կպտտվեն այստեղ բջջի հեղուկ մասսայում դա մենք կոչում ենք ցիտոպլազմա

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

So the membrane dissolves.

And that's shown here in the the very light blue.

So that's the nucleus.

The centrosomes have gone to opposite sides of the cell itself.

So this is my body cells.

This is the whole cell.

It has not experienced cytokinesis, which we will talk about in a few moments, but that's the process of the actual cytoplasm of the cell being split into two different cells.

And, of course, there's the entire cytoplasm in the rest of the cell.

In its most popular sense, when people talk about mitosis, they're referring to a cell, a diploid cell.

Or we can use both.

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

Light travels through the pupil, through the eyes interior.

less than half the size of a postage stamp.

So, here it is, the moment of conception, egg meets sperm!

It's acting only as a cell delivery vehicle.

One can say, OK, what are we made of?

I'm not talking about the money supply here.

The proteins are coming apart during this prophase I.

Let me write that down.

By the end of telophase in mitosis, you also have this process of cytokinesis, where this cleavage furrow forms and deepens, deepens, deepens until the cytoplasm is actually split into two separate cells.

And to some degree, in the early part of telophase, they're still pushing the cell apart, and at the same time, you have cytokinesis happening.

And so if this germ cell undergoes meiosis, and I'll do a whole video on the mechanics of it, instead of two cells, it'll actually produce four cells that each have half the number of chromosomes in them, so these cells are haploid.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

And we know staph can do amazing things.

He has a nuclear membrane, and, of course, it has cytoplasm around it.

It can actually make itself glow.

Սա էնդոպլազմային ցանցի ներսն է

Now, when I got both of these in my body or in my cells, and this is in every cell of my body, every cell of my body except for, and we'll talk in a few seconds about my germ cells, but every cells other than the ones that I use for reproduction have this complete set of chromosomes in it, which I find amazing.

So a germ cell is the product of mitosis, so it still has 2N number of chromosomes, so it still is a diploid cell or has a diploid number.

There is just too many things to go wrong.

Then a repressor protein that blocks the operating cells.

Ceramides. They act as a signaling molecule in skin.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

Եվ ահա սպիտակուցները կմղվեն ներս դեպի էնդոպլազմային ցանց

The chromosomes in our cells contain the whole of our genetic material.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

So, we took the red cells you see the red cells are surrounded by blue, other cells that squeeze them, and behind it is material that people thought was mainly inert, and it was just having a structure to keep the shape, and so we first photographed it with the electron microscope years and years ago, and you see this cell is actually quite pretty.

Animal bodies are made up of cells.

Now let's zoom in on it here, so we can see it in more detail.

So what we see here is that we went from a diploid starting way where did we start?