And so we see a mushroom here sporulating.

I actually chased the mycelium, when it stopped producing spores.

(Laughter)

I plan to integrate the Infinity Mushrooms into a number of objects.

The most exciting thing for Bob Lanza is the ability now to take any kind of cell with induced pluripotent stem cells and turn it into germ cells, like sperm and eggs.

It's not just any cell in the body.

And place cells also get this kind of path integration input from a kind of cell called a grid cell.

Sons of Gondor, of Rohan, my brothers!

Recommendation 2

The fundamental forms of ferns followed,

Think of it as beginning to program stuff for specific purposes.

And the reason is that cancer, like every cell in the body, places little molecular bookmarks,

In the case of a male, these would be sperm cells.

But here is a mushroom that's past its prime.

A Mr Pahpshmir is here.

But the insects aren't stupid, and they would avoid the spores when they came close, and so I morphed the cultures into a non sporulating form.

It's kind of like an evolution machine.

But something else happened, which was an epiphany in my life.

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

So that all the cells of your body the skin cells, the cells of your liver, and of your heart, and even of your ear, those cells know, at a fundamental molecular level, whether they are XX or XY.

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

So this is the great majority of your cells, and this is opposed to your germ cells.

I know that we have systematically annihilated the girl cell.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

What's that? A possible treatment using stem cells from a genetically compatible donor.

Now, when I got both of these in my body or in my cells, and this is in every cell of my body, every cell of my body except for, and we'll talk in a few seconds about my germ cells, but every cells other than the ones that I use for reproduction have this complete set of chromosomes in it, which I find amazing.

Ուղղակի ընդհանուր տերմին է բոլոր մեծ թաղանթով շրջապտված օրգանոիդների

But when the bacteria grow and double and they're all participating in making these molecules, the molecule the extracellular amount of that molecule increases in proportion to cell number.

I did something that nobody else had done.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

It is a simple chemical model of a living cell, and if you consider for example a cell in your body may have on the order of millions of different types of molecules that need to come together, play together in a complex network to produce something that we call alive.

Դու ունես այսպիսի բաներ, որոնք կոչվում են էնդոպլազմային ցանց

Կարող ես նրանց դիտել որպես խողովակների խուրց

We'll talk about how that happens when we talk about meiosis or mitosis, that when I generate my sperm cells, sperm cells essentially takes one instead of having 23 pairs of chromosomes in sperm, you only have 23 chromosomes.

And the germ cells I'll just write it here, just so you get a clear for a male, that's the sperm cells, and for female that's the egg cells, or the ova.

And all I wanted to show you is we can set up molecules in membranes, in real cells, and then it sets up a kind of molecular Darwinism, a molecular survival of the fittest.

It's a little bit like reading a Braille message with your fingers.

When it's alone it doesn't make any light.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

Cell division