Osteoblastoma is present in the posterior area of the lumbar.

That little issue took the team two years to solve.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

We're excited. We've got to get past this point.

The results revealed that in environment A, the cells formed muscle, in environment B, the cells formed bone, and in environment C, the cells formed fat cells.

Bacteria are just tiny cells, harmless.

And then this bubbling, this membrane bubbling, is the hallmark of apoptosis in this cell.

And we know staph can do amazing things.

And so we see a mushroom here sporulating.

fungal.

A couple of years ago, the Lasker Prize was awarded to the scientist Shinya Yamanaka for his research in which he took an adult skin cell, a fibroblast, and by manipulating just four genes, he induced that cell to revert to a pluripotential stem cell a cell potentially capable of becoming any cell in your body.

These words are actually unusually fun to say.

And in fact, the smallest unit of matter that can evolve independently is, in fact, a single cell a bacteria.

This released oxygen into the atmosphere.

So I had three different environments, yet genetically identical cells in each dish.

Bugs.

And it could be any type of cell.

So by the end of telophase I, you have the actual cytoplasm splitting during telophase right there, and the nuclear envelope is forming.

Now, at the same time telophase is happening, you also normally have this cytokinesis, where this cleavage furrow forms, where essentially during telophase, these things are getting pushed further and further apart by those microtubules so that they're already at the ends of the cell, of the cytoplasm of the cell, and you can almost view them as pushing on the sides to elongate the cell.

And here is the limitation adult stem cells are mature cells, and, like mature human beings, these cells are more restricted in their thought and more restricted in their behavior and are unable to give rise to the wide variety of specialized cell types, as embryonic stem cells can .

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

If we can somehow encourage these molecules to talk to each other and make the right shapes and compete, they will start to form cells that will replicate and compete.

Then from about 600 to 800 million years ago, multi celled organisms appear.

We wanted to get something like a fossil record of the building, and to do this, we sampled dust.

They control how the cells grow and differentiate.

And when I made the videos on bacteria I said, hey for every one human cell we have twenty bacteria cells.

It gets bigger, and that's during the G2 phase, so it's just growing more.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

little, itty bitty creatures called cells.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

They've got great potential but haven't yet entered clinical trials.

What kind of changes happen?

They were changing shape.

I think we've all heard of the word, bacteria.

Եվ պրոկարիոտի օրինակներն են, երկու մեծ խմբի են բաժանվում

These things went inside this huge cell, they used the cell's own mechanism to reproduce its own DNA or its own RNA and these protein capsids.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

These are a stem cell line.

We are what we eat, could easily be described as, We are what our cells eat.

We think bacteria made the rules for how multicellular organization works.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

He generated neurons from these induced pluripotent stem cells from patients who have Lou Gehrig's Disease, and he differentiated them into neurons, and what's amazing is that these neurons also show symptoms of the disease.