And I'd like to submit to you that we have sequenced the human genome, we know everything about the sequence of the gene, the language of the gene, the alphabet of the gene,

And this is a consequence of the fact that these new technologies tend to be digital.

We saw genome sequences.

They've sequenced approximately equally as many people in Europe and in China.

In Discover Magazine, I'm an investigative puzzle maker.

We just got a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to sequence 130 genomes this year, as a side project from environmental organisms.

We have made a lot of discoveries, we have shown that extracellular matrix talks to chromatin.

So you can have a billion different viruses that are all genetically identical, but they differ from each other based on their tips, on one sequence, that codes for one protein.

Start with gene sequencing.

And by the way, mass production it is not genetic manipulation.

Gene.

And so one of the things we've been doing is using genetic enhancement, or genetic manipulation, of normal selective breeding pushed a little bit through genetics.

You might also be interested in knowing that a mouse has about the same amount of genes.

Computational biology.

The initial frequency of the red hair gene is therefore 50 percent, or 10 of 20 total genes.

Recommendation 2

It's genetic.

So these two bacteria both of a common gene called the HFQ gene, which Nye

And that's what I've been doing for 20 years, using DNA sequencing, collecting samples from various places, including the human body, reading the DNA sequence and then using that DNA sequencing to tell us about the microbes that are in a particular place.

It's called an allele.

There's no reason for us to be here we're just accidents of genetics,

Metagenic research.

This is how this can work.

Our genetic heritage...

From the dust, we pulled out bacterial cells, broke them open, and compared their gene sequences.

Not that weird for this town.

3. Genetic exceptionalism

Ah, oh no, these genes are actually different.

It's only 10 years ago this month when we published the first sequence of a free living organism, that of haemophilus influenzae.

So this is the assortative mating hypothesis of these genes reinforcing one another in these structures.

It's now under a 10th of a cent.

Ma Yeah, on the previous experiment.

We are all 99.9 genetically equal.

Unaltered ?

Since our own sex is determined by genes, and we do know of these other animals that have their sex determined by genes, it's easy to assume that for all animals the sex of their babies still must be determined by genetics.

But that is changing rapidly with the aid of new genomic technology.

So this same technique should probably look at all.

If we unwind the double helix and unzip the two strands, you see these things that look like teeth.

Some of you have this. And it's sex linked.

So she has the gene right there for curly hair.

So FOXO turns on a lot of genes.

A key thing is that the major violence genes, it's called the MAO A gene.

Transposons are just small pieces of DNA that randomly insert in the genetic code.

Why don't we play it like golf or sailing?

Each version of the gene is called an allele.