There are enzymes called restriction enzymes that actually digest DNA.

That's what enzymes are doing.

Enzymes are breaking forth sugars.

The mucosa secrete enzymes that supplement the digestive enzymes of the pancreas and liver.

The enzymes remanufactured the hydrocarbons into carbohydrates fungal sugars.

We designed these pieces so we can just chew back with enzymes there are enzymes that repair them and put them together.

The mycelium is producing enzymes peroxidases that break carbon hydrogen bonds.

And minerals are co factors for hundreds of different enzymes in your bodies.

Your neurolytic enzymes are at the same level they were a week ago.

And enzymes are the secret, kind of, ingredient in dough that brings out flavor.

He won the Nobel for figuring out how to cut genes something called restriction enzymes.

Or, a routine blood test might count too many white cells or elevated liver enzymes.

So many reactions involving enzymes and proteins are sensitive to the acid content of the ocean.

This whole system generates a huge surface to allow more enzymes to attack the remaining oil.

And there are little chemical scissors, called restriction enzymes which cut DNA whenever they see particular patterns.

To do this, we extracted enzymes from our bacteria and reacted with an intermediate of phthalic acid.

You have on your left an olive oil droplet, and this olive oil droplet gets attacked by enzymes.

First, how do the various foods we consume impact our metabolism, hormones and enzymes, and through what nuanced molecular mechanisms?

It means that its amino acid sequence determines what they become your hair, nails, muscles, hormones, enzymes and also spider silk.

So that's where we stand at the moment, and I've just got a few final thoughts, which is that this is another way in which biology is now coming in to supplement chemistry in some of our societal advances in this area, and these biological approaches are coming in in very different forms, and when you think about genetic engineering, we've now got enzymes for industrial processing, enzymes, genetically engineered enzymes in food.

We're also combining cellulases, the enzymes that break down complex sugars into simple sugars and fermentation in the same cell for producing ethanol.

Enzymes that chew things up, antibodies, it's all, you know, the fit between a protein and whatever it is grabbing, in this case a smell.

It's possible because the mycelium produces oxalic acids, and many other acids and enzymes, pockmarking rock and grabbing calcium and other minerals and forming calcium oxalates.

There's a whole bunch of enzymes and proteins and a whole bunch of chemical reactions that have to happen, but this DNA essentially transcribes a complementary mRNA.

The ribosome serves a purpose, and there are enzymes that facilitate this process, but once these guys bond together, the tRNA detaches, and you have this chain of amino acids.

And the two pieces are then linked by something that can only be cut if you have the right molecular scissors for example, the kind of protease enzymes that tumors make.

There were four piles saturated with diesel and other petroleum waste one was a control pile one pile was treated with enzymes one pile was treated with bacteria and our pile we inoculated with mushroom mycelium.

And so if you change the recipe, and you add things when you pour so you add things to your liquid silk solution where these things are enzymes or antibodies or vaccines, the self assembly process preserves the biological function of these dopants.

How does the information, one, get stored in this type of a molecule, then how does that actually turn into the proteins that make up our enzymes and our organs and our brain cells and everything else that really make us us?

But what I have to do now, feeling again, what I've got to do is to be able to supply enough of these enzymes, of these triggers into something early on in the process, that you pick it up, not through your thinking, but through your feeling.

We purified a chromosome from one microbial species roughly, these two are as distant as human and mice we added a few extra genes so we could select for this chromosome, we digested it with enzymes to kill all the proteins, and it was pretty stunning when we put this in the cell and you'll appreciate our very sophisticated graphics here.