And as I say, most of them really die very horribly, 80 is very bad for you. now that means, that is really bizarre that one should ask the question why should we defy aging.

We also refer to subclinical conditions.

We call it.....make it clear you see that. This is kind of tube over here. Let me draw the blood

In fact scientist are theorizing that this age proteins may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, as well as certain complications of diabetes and chronic kidney failure.

And the processes that cause this are things like arteriosclerosis for the large vessels or arteriolosclerosis for the small vessels.

Some of you may remember that.

Here's an example from Kevin Eggan's lab at Harvard.

I'll show you an example of that real quickly.

I'll write it out again because I want to make sure we see clearly the difference between someone with compliant blood vessels and someone with non compliant vessels.

Most of this is in developing countries, and the majority is in Africa.

A health status of a nation parallels development of that nation.

Now, that inability to properly pump not just the cell, but the whole heart that is heart failure.

Fifty years ago, when I was a medical student in Boston, we were in the midst of the cardiovascular disease epidemic.

It was a study to specifically ask, what's going on with women?

But, as a cancer doc, this is what I see.

One out of two of you women will be impacted by cardiovascular disease in your lifetime.

Yes. She had multiple sclerosis.

So you've got a couple of arteries that are branching off and these are also part of the systemic circulation systemic circulation.

She suffers from a chronic illness.

Let's flip the table yet again

Three years later, he's ripping through boot camp. Attending physician calls the improvement in his bloodcell count miraculous.

So dystonia is a disorder affecting children.

He was taken off the Dutch ship in Martinique and died a week later of consumption. Oh...

These are years that we could get.

This was at a time that treatment actually existed in rich countries.

OK. Now let's move from sleep to diseases.

So what happens when a person gets a retinal degenerative disease like macular degeneration?

And the Arotic valve is going to be what divides the left ventricle from this giant vessel that we talked about earlier.

One individual with very compliant blood vessels and that person as a result of the fact that they are compliant is going to be very happy.

So a real skyrocketing of chronic childhood disease that includes other things

And remember, paths crossed in 1984, and more and more women were dying of cardiovascular disease.

There's a second big project, recently funded by the Wellcome Trust in this country, involving very large studies thousands of individuals, with each of eight different diseases, common diseases like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease, bipolar disease and so on to try and understand the genetics.

And in fact just to highlight the fact that this person has very stiff vessels let me show you these atherosclerotic plaques sitting inside their arteries making them stiff.

And this outer layer, this is the vasculature, which is incredible, around a human brain.

This is what we call a plaque.

Similarly, we have the tools with which to ask the question

So, it's not an option for low income patients.

In concluding the knee exam, it's important to document a neurovascular exam.

And we got to do the WlSE study and the WlSE stands for Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation and I have chaired this study for the last 15 years.

And I developed a chronic disease for which there is no cure.

In concluding the ankle and foot exam, it's important to document neurovascular.

Now what are the implications of that?

There's no comparison at all.

In concluding the hip exam it is important to document neurovascular exam.

His name is Mike, and he is uniformly impaired on cognition, vision, walking, sensation.