Well, three times as much, right?

And this is an amino acid.

For example, we might say that, and this isn't the actual code, but maybe UAC, and I should look these up.

A's and G's and T's.

And some other ones that are not used in the set of 20, they will not appear at all in any type of concentration.

Սա թարգմանվում է սպիտակուցի

And these proteins, the building blocks of proteins are amino acids.

My little tRNA's pull up, pull up next to it, and they each hold a payload, right?

And if I have I mean, I think you get the idea.

But all of these things are proteins, and all these

looking at day and night. (Laughter)

So three base pairs make a codon.

And tRNA molecules are these molecules that are attached to the they're almost like the trucks for the amino acids.

This codes for amino acid number 1.

It has the code AUG.

It's a very long chain of these amino acids, and there are actually 20 different amino acids.

So this first one holds this payload right here of this amino acid.

Welcome to MlT. Now you're in your element.

But that's still not enough.

I don't know, let's call it amino acid 1, amino acid 5, amino acid 20.

The animals can't manufacture the amino acid, lysine.

Well it turns out, we have many different alternatives for such a set of building blocks.

Triplets of those letters code for roughly 20 amino acids, such that there's a single letter designation for each of the amino acids.

Սպիտակուցը կարող է վերջանալ այստեղ

What about the lysine contingency? We could put that into effect. What's that?

It's what happens in proteins.

They'll be attached to tRNA molecules.

I really just want to give you the big picture idea of how the proteins are actually formed.

Some of these are multiple chains of amino acids kind of fitting together like a big puzzle, but some of them or just single chains of amino acids.

And amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Residue

Residues

All of this stuff came from a different cell.

So that we actually, to test this idea, first took a look at amino acids and some other carboxylic acids.

Residue name

Now, genes are short segments of DNA that code for amino acids.

And this one happens to be a good source of all 20 amino acids.

It's a singlecelled protein combined with synthetic aminos, vitamins and minerals.

Of course, there is still glycine and alanine, but in fact, there are these heavy elements, these heavy amino acids, that are being produced because they are valuable to the organism.

That's still not enough to code for one of 20 amino acids to say, hey, this is going to code for amino acid number five, and we'll talk more about their actual names.

Residue number

How you doin' on air?

We synthesize a calcium gluconate in a thiamine base?

Unlike nitrates and peroxides, it gives off no signature.

This is one base pair.