Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Maybe this is its nucleus.

They control how the cells grow and differentiate.

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

They've got great potential but haven't yet entered clinical trials.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

It gets bigger, and that's during the G2 phase, so it's just growing more.

And here is the limitation adult stem cells are mature cells, and, like mature human beings, these cells are more restricted in their thought and more restricted in their behavior and are unable to give rise to the wide variety of specialized cell types, as embryonic stem cells can .

They get pulled apart even more.

This is the whole cell.

The centrosomes have gone to opposite sides of the cell itself.

So this is my body cells.

And then this bubbling, this membrane bubbling, is the hallmark of apoptosis in this cell.

In its most popular sense, when people talk about mitosis, they're referring to a cell, a diploid cell.

Or we can use both.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

And that's shown here in the the very light blue.

So that's the nucleus.

So, here it is, the moment of conception, egg meets sperm!

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

I'm not talking about the money supply here.

Let me write that down.

Throw a drug at it, and resistant cells will grow back.

They get separated.

Light travels through the pupil, through the eyes interior.

less than half the size of a postage stamp.

It's acting only as a cell delivery vehicle.

And so if this germ cell undergoes meiosis, and I'll do a whole video on the mechanics of it, instead of two cells, it'll actually produce four cells that each have half the number of chromosomes in them, so these cells are haploid.

Now, when I got both of these in my body or in my cells, and this is in every cell of my body, every cell of my body except for, and we'll talk in a few seconds about my germ cells, but every cells other than the ones that I use for reproduction have this complete set of chromosomes in it, which I find amazing.

The ostrich egg is a single cell, and it can grow up to five pounds.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

The proteins are coming apart during this prophase I.

The results revealed that in environment A, the cells formed muscle, in environment B, the cells formed bone, and in environment C, the cells formed fat cells.

So a germ cell is the product of mitosis, so it still has 2N number of chromosomes, so it still is a diploid cell or has a diploid number.

There is just too many things to go wrong.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

(Applause)

We then tease the tissue apart into its two individual cell components, muscle, and these bladder specialized cells.

little, itty bitty creatures called cells.

We're excited. We've got to get past this point.

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This occurs in the S phase, and then the cell will just continue to grow more.

Animal bodies are made up of cells.

This released oxygen into the atmosphere.