It went up and down, and it really started to accelerate around 70,000 years ago.

This is absolutely beautiful stuff.

It's an incredible story.

I'll end up with saying one thing.

That they are Piles of stars stripped away by tidal interactions of galaxies in the cluster.

We used to do it just with ice cores, but in this case, we're going back 20 million years.

So we know there's an ice shelf overhead.

And again, it's this incredibly exciting animal.

An empty formality a piece of parchment.

And one hell of a big pile of dollars.

And they said scaling, which is the build up of minerals inside of pipes.

So this also turns out to be extremely robust.

You know, we saw this in the core samples as they came up.

We have many initiatives that we're working on, but some of them are very basic.

And the black rock is the sediment on the sea bottom in the absence of plankton.

And 90 percent of our catch were sponges, other animals that are fixed on the bottom.

Well, an excavation was begun immediately, and more and more little bits of skull started to be extracted from the sediment.

That's an expensive table.

And there's this relentless persistence of birth and death and an unending collection of stories in between.

But gradually, as the buildings are repaired, we will see the accretion of a limestone reef beneath the city.

Now, in this slide the white is chalk, and this chalk was deposited in a warm ocean.

Cores

We go out for months at a time and drill into the sea bed to recover sediments that tell us stories of climate change, right.

And these plants need sunlight, so we know when we find that sediment there's no ice overhead.

There's two degrees, or three degrees of climate change baked into the system.

But the new wave of paleontologists my graduate students collect biomarkers.

So this is these are fertilizer gas plants.

They take the sediment itself, they extract the oil from it, and from that they can produce compounds which turn out to be very specific to particular microbial groups.

They give rise to the trees, they create the debris fields that feed the mycelium.

And those are the peat swamp forests on 20 meters of peat, the largest accumulation of organic material in the world.

And it was deposited by the great mother Earth, some three million years ago.

And all that gets into surface waters, eventually reaching the ocean, the final sink.

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And they said, you know what happens is, mineral just like at your house mineral builds up.

So we are tracking how do these things get from the products into the ocean, which is the final sink for them.

But if you break a gourd, you cannot simply throw it away, because every stroke of that stick that has built up that calcium, the measure of a man's life, has a thought behind it.

And these tin particles were deposited on the tape heads and were crashing the tape heads.

The luggage is piled up in the truck.

Darling, the cart is packed

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6 cores? 12 cores.

But the fact is, this is evidence of a living body on other bodies, rocks that have been the subject of geological formation, erosion, the action of time on objects.

And so where there is water, there is a very high chance of our kind of life.