That turns out to be a big deal because now you can take, not just mouse cells, but you can human skin cells and turn them into human stem cells.

And then what they did in October is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells and began to turn them into liver cells.

And, there are other frequently dividing cells in your body

And if this continues the toe cell would die.

And this is the perfect storm for forming a pimple.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

Ceramides. They act as a signaling molecule in skin.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Mitosis occurs in pretty much all of our somatic cells as our skin cells replicate, and our hair cells and all the tissue in our body as it duplicates itself, it goes through mitosis.

So that all the cells of your body the skin cells, the cells of your liver, and of your heart, and even of your ear, those cells know, at a fundamental molecular level, whether they are XX or XY.

This was done in Japan and in the U.S., published at the same time, and it rebooted skin cells into stem cells, last year.

You already saw the work by Tony Atala on TED, but this ability to start filling things like inkjet cartridges with cells are allowing us to print skin, organs and a whole series of other body parts.

So we're attacking the wrong target.

like heart, liver, nerve and pancreas.

This is fascinating. You probably know, some of you, that cells are continually renewed.

A couple of years ago, the Lasker Prize was awarded to the scientist Shinya Yamanaka for his research in which he took an adult skin cell, a fibroblast, and by manipulating just four genes, he induced that cell to revert to a pluripotential stem cell a cell potentially capable of becoming any cell in your body.

We have lots of cells that are not out for themselves anymore.

Let me write that down.

Many scientists can now grow many different types of cells.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

They're a lot like embryonic stem cells except without the controversy.

The whole process of differentiation is actually fascinating, and we'll talk a lot more about that when we talk about stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and maybe we'll even talk about the debate of it.

I'll nicely demonstrate that for you. (Laughter)

And we're working a lot with the stem cells that we published on two years ago, stem cells from the amniotic fluid, and the placenta, which have those properties.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

It's of relevance to us.

Skin.

So you have this notion of when you to get an embryonic stem cell line, and when I say a stem cell line, I mean you take a couple of stem cells, or let's say you take one stem cell, and then you put it in a Petri dish, and then you allow it to just duplicate.

These are actually cells that we obtained.

4.8 million suffer cardiac failure.

Then you will see roots digging deep, building a strong foundation

'In what way have we been using the influence of society, which is probably the most powerful force in human psychology?' 1967 Influence of Biological Environments A Stem Cell Experiment

They've got great potential but haven't yet entered clinical trials.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

If you think about it, every cell in your body has the same DNA as you had when you were an embryo.

lipid membranes in our body, starting with cells of the skin, the cells of organs.

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

This is an extremely new field.

It's a great source of stem cells.

Let me write this down in a vibrant color.

Then someone could take one of these and then put it in their own Petri dish.

Because women bring new life into the world.

I wanted to live.

And so it was a very practical reason why it was made of cane.

No, not my skin!