And, there are other frequently dividing cells in your body

And if this continues the toe cell would die.

And this is the perfect storm for forming a pimple.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

Ceramides. They act as a signaling molecule in skin.

That turns out to be a big deal because now you can take, not just mouse cells, but you can human skin cells and turn them into human stem cells.

And then what they did in October is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells and began to turn them into liver cells.

Mitosis occurs in pretty much all of our somatic cells as our skin cells replicate, and our hair cells and all the tissue in our body as it duplicates itself, it goes through mitosis.

So that all the cells of your body the skin cells, the cells of your liver, and of your heart, and even of your ear, those cells know, at a fundamental molecular level, whether they are XX or XY.

You already saw the work by Tony Atala on TED, but this ability to start filling things like inkjet cartridges with cells are allowing us to print skin, organs and a whole series of other body parts.

This is fascinating. You probably know, some of you, that cells are continually renewed.

A couple of years ago, the Lasker Prize was awarded to the scientist Shinya Yamanaka for his research in which he took an adult skin cell, a fibroblast, and by manipulating just four genes, he induced that cell to revert to a pluripotential stem cell a cell potentially capable of becoming any cell in your body.

We have lots of cells that are not out for themselves anymore.

They're a lot like embryonic stem cells except without the controversy.

It's of relevance to us.

Skin.

If you think about it, every cell in your body has the same DNA as you had when you were an embryo.

lipid membranes in our body, starting with cells of the skin, the cells of organs.

This was done in Japan and in the U.S., published at the same time, and it rebooted skin cells into stem cells, last year.

And so it was a very practical reason why it was made of cane.

No, not my skin!

The skin trick.

So a few months later, in 2008, one of our scientists built on that research.

She was horrible... she had no skin!

All the cells of your body your lung cells, your liver cells, your skin cells, all the cells of your body ultimately derived from this one founding cell, the fertilized egg.

But another thing about these induced pluripotent stem cells is that if we take some skin cells, let's say, from people with a genetic disease and we engineer tissues out of them, we can actually use tissue engineering techniques to generate models of those diseases in the lab.

You place the muscle cells on the outside.

looks like humans.

So now, if you want to look at a pattern that's playing itself out on this planet right now that will give us insight about what is going on, look inside a caterpillar that's growing.

AK Other emotional stuff.

I knew what it took.

We induce cells, okay, say, skin cells, by adding a few genes to them, culturing them, and then harvesting them.

We teach our children that our lives are worth more than other people's.

And I can do very nice images like this.

That's the good news.

Oh, my skin burns.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

There are traces of flaky skin where his fingers have come into contact with them, so he had eczema.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

The sunbeam acts upon the skin.

It glows and burns the skin.

It strips away the hide of man.

scorching the flesh