our bodies are built from organized colonies of cells.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

This is a work of some proportion and some weight that makes the body into a city, an aggregation of cells that are all interconnected and that allow certain visual access at certain places.

This is the whole cell.

The centrosomes have gone to opposite sides of the cell itself.

So this is my body cells.

In its most popular sense, when people talk about mitosis, they're referring to a cell, a diploid cell.

Or we can use both.

Well, so what I read on WebMD

Կատարեմ պարզեցում

And that's shown here in the the very light blue.

So that's the nucleus.

So, here it is, the moment of conception, egg meets sperm!

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

That's their job.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

This example is a picture of a piece of the pancreas, that's a little gushy organ that sits right here in our abdomen, this cluster that you're looking at of cells in there, are the cells that make insulin in the body.

I'm not talking about the money supply here.

Let me write that down.

But, when cells join together, with more than one cell like itself to perform a similar function, it's no longer a unicellular organism.

Light travels through the pupil, through the eyes interior.

less than half the size of a postage stamp.

It's acting only as a cell delivery vehicle.

And so if this germ cell undergoes meiosis, and I'll do a whole video on the mechanics of it, instead of two cells, it'll actually produce four cells that each have half the number of chromosomes in them, so these cells are haploid.

Now, when I got both of these in my body or in my cells, and this is in every cell of my body, every cell of my body except for, and we'll talk in a few seconds about my germ cells, but every cells other than the ones that I use for reproduction have this complete set of chromosomes in it, which I find amazing.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

The proteins are coming apart during this prophase I.

So a germ cell is the product of mitosis, so it still has 2N number of chromosomes, so it still is a diploid cell or has a diploid number.

There is just too many things to go wrong.

I mean, the cells in our immune system are always hungry.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

(Applause)

I'll nicely demonstrate that for you. (Laughter)

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Animal bodies are made up of cells.

It's also simpler when you go into eukaryotes like ourselves you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning.

This is exactly what happens in your body.

They've got great potential but haven't yet entered clinical trials.

Or if we're going to use larger structures to replace larger structures, we can then use the patient's own cells, or some cell population, and the biomaterials, the scaffolds, together.

In the case of a male, these would be sperm cells.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

And then this bubbling, this membrane bubbling, is the hallmark of apoptosis in this cell.