this process continues throughout our lives.

So we hypothesized that female stem cells might be better at identifying the injury, doing some cellular repair or even producing new organs, which is one of the things that we're trying to do with stem cell therapy.

Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

Bacteria are just tiny cells, harmless.

So certain genes are expressed in certain parts of the body, but every one of your body cells, and we call those somatic cells, and we'll separate those from the sex sells or the germs that we'll talk about later.

Embryonic stem cells have occupied center stage, chiefly because of their pluripotency that is their ease in differentiating into a variety of different cell types.

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

This bath stimulates white blood cells and speed up the process.

Let's make it concrete.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

Over time the activity of this genetic regulators seems to decline and cumulative cell damage can occur

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

We need to reach a target inside the brain.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

In the case of a male, these would be sperm cells.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

So, we took the red cells you see the red cells are surrounded by blue, other cells that squeeze them, and behind it is material that people thought was mainly inert, and it was just having a structure to keep the shape, and so we first photographed it with the electron microscope years and years ago, and you see this cell is actually quite pretty.

The whole process of differentiation is actually fascinating, and we'll talk a lot more about that when we talk about stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and maybe we'll even talk about the debate of it.

disabling, reversing cell cycle inhibitors.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

So in this case, they would turn into nerve cells.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

And being naive about the whole field, I kind of thought,

I mean, on the slide, you can see that on our sensitive side, these cells that are responding to the drug, when we start blocking the protein, the number of dying cells those colored dots they're going down.

When you take a chemotherapeutic drug, it will hit all of these cells.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

Let me write this down in a vibrant color.

So let's say those are the germ cells.

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.

From Conception to Birth Oocyte

Fuel cells.

So the first sonication is at lower energy.

In these cells, the mission is to move blood around their body.

And that's your ancestor.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

So why should you care? Bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells.

And these are some of the cells that might be overactive in disorders such as epilepsy.

In fact, it's the opposite.

The centrosomes have gone to opposite sides of the cell itself.

So this is my body cells.

This is the whole cell.