This is not a life saving transplant

Shortly after I performed the first liver transplant,

The surgeon persuaded him to undergo an organ transplant.

The transplant community has actively campaigned in organ donation.

The surgeon persuaded me to undergo an organ transplant operation.

Let's imagine that we transplant this question back in time.

I still didn't want a transplant, but in a month,

Similar to when a transplant recipient rejects a donor organ.

If someone needs a kidney transplant or a heart transplant, maybe in the future, we could take a colony of these embryonic stem cells.

So, remember I told you about my brother's stem cell transplant.

If you have a heart transplant, you're still the same person.

If you have a memory transplant, are you the same person?

This is the kidney transplant I was never supposed to have.

Now when I look back, the transplant was actually the easiest part.

But not all patients on the transplant wait list are so fortunate.

If you have a belief transplant, would you be the same person?

So, a few years ago, I'm doing my transplant fellowship at Stanford.

I was sitting there kind of unenthusiastically talking with the head transplant surgeon, and I asked him if I needed a transplant, what I could do to prepare.

Thomas Starzl, who performed the world's first successful liver transplant in 1967, and Sir Roy Calne, who performed the first liver transplant in the U.K. in the following year.

And that's where we're failing, and that's where we need the face transplant.

I woke up from a month long coma, following a double lung transplant.

My doctor wanted me to get on the list for a lung transplant.

Tim can you tell me whether my brother's stem cell transplant worked or not?

The face transplant has a role probably in burns patients to replace the skin.

In the last decade the number of patients waiting for a transplant has doubled.

Many people after a kidney transplant will develop a little fluid collection around the kidney.

So in addition to doing the transplant, we had to find out how to get a bacterial chromosome out of the eukaryotic yeast into a form where we could transplant it into a recipient cell.

Carole Lartigue led the effort to actually transplant a bacterial chromosome from one bacteria to another.

But 20 years on, my patient, Surinder, is Asia's longest surviving cadaveric liver transplant to date.

like a heart, or liver, or lung transplant it is a quality of life transplant, and as a result, are the patients going to say, if they get a malignant cancer 10 or 15 years on,

They're even models in medicine, and we can even transplant organs from a pig to a human.

And once we had done that, now we can take naked DNA out of yeast and transplant it.

And so this informs, among other things, of course, a treatment for bone marrow transplant, which he undertakes.

I returned to Singapore and, in 1990, performed Asia's first successful cadaveric liver transplant procedure, but against all odds.

We'd take this rule and transplant it over to this state, being careful to retain the original (from) information.

And fortunately, in the course of this project, the transplant surgeons and the other people decided, forget common practice.

They leave the microbes with the donor, and theoretically that might help the people who are receiving this ileal transplant.

So what we found is if we took the chromosome out of yeast and methylated it, we could then transplant it.

I believe that we have the same concern, and the model that we created in Brazil, we can transplant it here.

Now consider another doctor case this time you're a transplant surgeon and you have five patients each in desperate need of an organ transplant in order to survive on needs a heart one a lung, one a kidney, one a liver and the fifth a pancreas.

And we thought this would be a great test bed for learning how to get chromosomes out of yeast and transplant them.

And ultimately and here's a picture of our bone marrow transplant survivors, who come together for a reunion each year at Stanford.

I don't know if you realize this, but 90 percent of the patients on the transplant list are actually waiting for a kidney.

So if we're going to transplant animal tissues to people, we have to figure out a way to get rid of that epitope.

When we did these experiments, though, we could get the chromosome out of yeast but it wouldn't transplant and boot up a cell.