From Conception to Birth Oocyte

I think we have found the problem. Your ovarian follicles are still immature.

In a female, they would be involved in the ovaries.

In fact, it's one of the biggest problems with chemotherapy today.

In the immortal germ line of human beings that is, the eggs that sit in the ovaries they actually sit there in a state of suspended animation for up to 50 years in the life of each woman.

It's not just any cell in the body.

The most exciting thing for Bob Lanza is the ability now to take any kind of cell with induced pluripotent stem cells and turn it into germ cells, like sperm and eggs.

The infected cells have a definitive spiderweb look.

And the cells that have a haploid number of chromosomes are our gametes, which are sperm cells for men, and ova, or egg cells for women.

And that is where the research began.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

Some people who have XX chromosomes develop what are called ovotestis, which is when you have ovarian tissue with testicular tissue wrapped around it.

She lays her eggs in other nests

Your ovaries look fine.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

And the germ cells I'll just write it here, just so you get a clear for a male, that's the sperm cells, and for female that's the egg cells, or the ova.

Then one day, there's a big egg in it.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

What we did is something called somatic cell nuclear transplantation.

The ostrich egg is a single cell, and it can grow up to five pounds.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.

Fuel cells.

These are the dissected gonads of an animal that has two testes, two ovaries, another large testis, more ovaries, which is not normal ... (Laughter) even for amphibians.

Cisplatin is a relatively common ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug a relatively simple molecule made in the lab that messes with the DNA of cancer cells and causes them to kill themselves.

In these cells, the mission is to move blood around their body.

And that's your ancestor.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

We took the eggs of a related species, a living frog, and we inactivated the nucleus of the egg.

The centrosomes have gone to opposite sides of the cell itself.

So this is my body cells.

This is the whole cell.

I believe matter begets life

They get pulled apart even more.

Max cells

Եկեք գրեմ այդ բառը

I shouldn't say cell wall.

celermitosis.

That turns out to be a big deal because now you can take, not just mouse cells, but you can human skin cells and turn them into human stem cells.