So here's a picture of the octopamine system.

You heard about neuromodulators earlier.

So this is basically multiplexing in time.

The stegosaurus has a massive cluster of nerves above the rump, the sacral ganglion.

Memory Game

Nervousness

That's very unnerving.

Idiot!

Phosphine gas.

It's a neurotoxin.

GLaDOS You know what doesn't rhyme with compliance?

Insecure. Neurotic.

Are you some kind of neurologist?

And what I'm talking about are nerves.

There are four types of tissues found in the human body connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial.

Hey. You really got a bad case of the nerves there, man.

It's like the water of the stream it never sits still.

I'm a neuroscientist.

It shows you these cells that process information.

Trigeminal headache? What? Trigeminal headache.

Your nerves, responsive.

Tonic for the nerves

What have you done to me? It has a hybrid nervous system.

OMGGGGG FlNALLY... so much more to come, virtual reality, neural manipulation, visual dream emulation... neural coding, 'writing and re writing of memories', mental illnesses. So the first thing that you'll notice is that people have really strong opinions about this kind of work.

The amazing thing about this is that it's controlled by a really tiny set of neurons, about two dozen neurons that can produce a vast variety of different motor patterns, and the reason it can do this is that this little tiny ganglion in the crab is actually inundated by many, many neuromodulators.

They will cut down on their expenses.

And that's shown here in the the very light blue.

These are support cells astrocytes glia.

No expensive staff time required.

We call this the Human Connectome.

Has he loosened the periodontal ligament yet?

Neurolytic restraints.

It's got your nerves shot.

That was the neurologist.

Its neural network needs to be trained

Is it the trip? It's got you nervous?

somethingorother.

It's a non spiking cell.

Our collective nervous system is like that frog's nervous system.

The photoreceptor cells are shown here at the top, and then the signals that are detected by the photoreceptors are transformed by various computations until finally that layer of cells at the bottom, the ganglion cells, relay the information to the brain, where we see that as perception.

And why is the physiology different?

I would like to propose a metaphor for the relationship between neural activity and connectivity.

Tom is a neurologist.

These signals are called neural activity.

Oh, it's just nerves.