Rapid cell deterioration.

And what MyoD essentially does is, it causes cells to differentiate into muscle cells.

So in anaphase let me write that down.

Let's make it concrete.

I'm reading massive cellular deterioration.

If some cells suddenly decide to start reading other instructions, they can actually change from one type to another.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

I'll nicely demonstrate that for you. (Laughter)

They control how the cells grow and differentiate.

Imagine then just two other little changes.

It can actually make itself glow.

We're actually injecting contrast into the organ.

They are our body's own repair kits, and they're pluripotent, which means they can morph into all of the cells in our bodies.

Interestingly, when you were first conceived, and you were just comprised of a few, undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, which had the potential to become any cell in your body, your chromatin didn't have many Epigenetic marks on it.

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

So for example, lets sort of consider that basket cell I told you about earlier the one that's atrophied in schizophrenia and the one that is inhibitory.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

So this compound, MyoD, has been tested on a lot of different cell types and been shown to actually convert this variety of cell types into skeletal muscle cells.

Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

Maybe these cells eventually differentiate into things that'll turn to my brain.

And it's in men as well as in women.

disabling, reversing cell cycle inhibitors.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

And this all changed in the late 19th century.

Where are the kids?

He generated neurons from these induced pluripotent stem cells from patients who have Lou Gehrig's Disease, and he differentiated them into neurons, and what's amazing is that these neurons also show symptoms of the disease.

But it differentiated.

Ethyl methane sulfonate is an alkylating agent and a potent mutagen.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

Kecyte and... at that rate, you couldn't possibly maintain cell regulation or differentiation.

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.

From Conception to Birth Oocyte

Fuel cells.

That's what your genes are doing every day.

The last stage is telophase.

Cancer occurs when a single cell in your body acquires a set of random mutations in important genes that cause that cell to start to produce more and more and more copies of itself.

In these cells, the mission is to move blood around their body.

And that's your ancestor.

SR So what do you think, Xu?

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.