So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

I believe matter begets life

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

And then what they did in October is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells and began to turn them into liver cells.

Or we can use both.

And these germ cells, they're the product of mitosis.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

We're here today to announce the first synthetic cell, a cell made by starting with the digital code in the computer, building the chromosome from four bottles of chemicals, assembling that chromosome in yeast, transplanting it into a recipient bacterial cell and transforming that cell into a new bacterial species.

Հիմնականում ինչի մասին խոսում ենք, ամենաքիչը մեր վիդեոներում վերաբերում են էուկարիոտներին

And it's a beautifully complex neuron.

We're taking off.

It's obviously got its full chromosomal complement still.

Everything about your life, about your body, grows!

Over 40 years ago, I was cloning stem cells and one of the first experiments just so blew my mind

If you present with a diseased pancreas we'd like to take cells from that organ.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

So all cells spend most of their time in interphase.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

The traits that will be passed on or the changes that will be passed on are those that occur in the germ cells.

It's also simpler when you go into eukaryotes like ourselves you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning.

I would say... perfect regeneration of the body's cells,

And we know staph can do amazing things.

And one of the lessons we've been learning is that the physiology of cells that we've been studying for many years in quiescent flies is not the same as the physiology of those cells when the flies actually engage in active behaviors

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

And so if this germ cell undergoes meiosis, and I'll do a whole video on the mechanics of it, instead of two cells, it'll actually produce four cells that each have half the number of chromosomes in them, so these cells are haploid.

And we found only 173 genes common to all 13 organisms.

Really? It's a singlecelled parasite that lives in the intestines of animals.

In a female, they would be involved in the ovaries.

Cell division

Cell radius

They were developed in Japan pretty recently.

From Conception to Birth Oocyte

Fuel cells.

It's not just any cell in the body.

And the interphase, literally it's not a phase of mitosis.

A cell by itself is the most basic component of life.

Now, when I got both of these in my body or in my cells, and this is in every cell of my body, every cell of my body except for, and we'll talk in a few seconds about my germ cells, but every cells other than the ones that I use for reproduction have this complete set of chromosomes in it, which I find amazing.

In these cells, the mission is to move blood around their body.

And that's your ancestor.

Then from about 600 to 800 million years ago, multi celled organisms appear.

So, this clip is from the PBS series, The Secret Life of the Brain.