Over 40 years ago, I was cloning stem cells and one of the first experiments just so blew my mind

So in a male, you have some germ cells, so some of these cells turn into germ cells.

And it's a beautifully complex neuron.

Those three trends are the ability to engineer cells, the ability to engineer tissues, and robots.

And one of the lessons we've been learning is that the physiology of cells that we've been studying for many years in quiescent flies is not the same as the physiology of those cells when the flies actually engage in active behaviors

I believe matter begets life

So it could go into a germ cell.

So if I start off with a diploid cell, and that's my diploid cell right there, this would be a germ cell.

And then what they did in October is they took skin cells, turned them into stem cells and began to turn them into liver cells.

Or we can use both.

And these germ cells, they're the product of mitosis.

So when we would look at cells, this is how I really got involved in biology and science is by looking at living cells in the microscope.

And one of the the cutting edge areas that we're just incredibly excited about is stem cell therapy.

You probably know, if you've been paying attention to some of the science literature that you can now take a skin cell and encourage it to become a liver cell or a heart cell or a kidney cell or a brain cell for any of us.

We're here today to announce the first synthetic cell, a cell made by starting with the digital code in the computer, building the chromosome from four bottles of chemicals, assembling that chromosome in yeast, transplanting it into a recipient bacterial cell and transforming that cell into a new bacterial species.

Հիմնականում ինչի մասին խոսում ենք, ամենաքիչը մեր վիդեոներում վերաբերում են էուկարիոտներին

let you know that somebody's probably working there at any given moment, in a very real sense, there are biological sensors within a cell that are turned on only when that cell was just working.

We're taking off.

It's obviously got its full chromosomal complement still.

Everything about your life, about your body, grows!

It is moving so fast, it sits right Ar the confluence of genetics, imaging, cell signaling, electrophysiology.

If you present with a diseased pancreas we'd like to take cells from that organ.

It is a simple chemical model of a living cell, and if you consider for example a cell in your body may have on the order of millions of different types of molecules that need to come together, play together in a complex network to produce something that we call alive.

Each one plays a particular role a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

So all cells spend most of their time in interphase.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

Եկեք դա նշեմ բջջային թաղանթ

Then they stop growing.

The traits that will be passed on or the changes that will be passed on are those that occur in the germ cells.

It can actually make itself glow.

It's also simpler when you go into eukaryotes like ourselves you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning.

This is my car, and I'm going to drive around and show off my car.

I would say... perfect regeneration of the body's cells,

And we know staph can do amazing things.

No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But even now, 2011, there's still certain cells that we just can't grow from the patient.

And so if this germ cell undergoes meiosis, and I'll do a whole video on the mechanics of it, instead of two cells, it'll actually produce four cells that each have half the number of chromosomes in them, so these cells are haploid.

For example, at the University of Minnesota, there's a biomedical engineer named David Odde, and he works with dancers to study how cells move.

So, you could fit ten human cells across the diameter of a human hair.

And we found only 173 genes common to all 13 organisms.

Really? It's a singlecelled parasite that lives in the intestines of animals.

In a female, they would be involved in the ovaries.

Cell division