These are a stem cell line.

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

But where is stem cell therapy really going?

So each of these is an embryonic stem cell.

So that's what they call a stem cell line.

I put one stem cell in a culture dish all by itself and that stem cell divides every ten to twelve hours.

So, remember I told you about my brother's stem cell transplant.

And it seemed that tumors actually begin from a stem cell.

Stem cell therapies may one day reduce the need for donor organs.

It has the capacity to produce thousands and thousands of stem cell lines.

So you have this notion of when you to get an embryonic stem cell line, and when I say a stem cell line, I mean you take a couple of stem cells, or let's say you take one stem cell, and then you put it in a Petri dish, and then you allow it to just duplicate.

Tim can you tell me whether my brother's stem cell transplant worked or not?

And at that time, stem cell research had gained momentum, following the isolation of the world's first human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s.

Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

They all came from one unique embryonic stem cell or what initially was a blastomere.

And I focused my research on stem cells as a possible source for cell transplants.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

We can now reprogram your skin cells to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell and to utilize those potentially to treat multiple organs in that same patient making your own personalized stem cell lines.

In 1998, human embryonic stem cells were first identified, and just nine years later, a group of scientists in Japan were able to take skin cells and reprogram them with very powerful viruses to create a kind of pluripotent stem cell called an induced pluripotent stem cell, or what we refer to as an IPS cell.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

So the debate obviously is when you start an embryonic stem cell line, you are destroying an embryo.

And one of the the cutting edge areas that we're just incredibly excited about is stem cell therapy.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

Here's another example of stem cell therapy that isn't quite clinical yet, but I think very soon will be.

Short Stem Funnel

That's all stem cells.

As we speak, the world's first human embryonic stem cell trial for spinal cord injury is currently underway following the USFDA approval.

A couple of years ago, the Lasker Prize was awarded to the scientist Shinya Yamanaka for his research in which he took an adult skin cell, a fibroblast, and by manipulating just four genes, he induced that cell to revert to a pluripotential stem cell a cell potentially capable of becoming any cell in your body.

Okay, induced pluripotent stem cells.

Plus we have stem cells.

Somatic or adults stem cells.

And a long stem rose

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

So I am a pediatric cancer doctor and stem cell researcher at Stanford University where my clinical focus has been bone marrow transplantation.

Cell

Cell

So we hypothesized that female stem cells might be better at identifying the injury, doing some cellular repair or even producing new organs, which is one of the things that we're trying to do with stem cell therapy.

But right now, this isn't an area of debate because, left to their own devices, a somatic stem cell or an adult stem cell won't turn into a human being, while an embryonic one, if it is implanted in a willing mother, then, of course, it will turn into a human being.

But because each of your cells contains your entire gene code, each cell can be reprogrammed, if we don't stop stem cell research and if we don't stop genomic research, to express different body functions.

The plant has an underground stem.

Because we all stem from Africa.

Then finally a stem shoots through

We've talked about stem cells tonight.

Align cell contents centered in the cell

Cell phone. Oh! That's a cell phone.